Purpose
Previous strabismus appearance studies using images from real face photographs could not preclude the effect of other facial landmarks, such as position and contour of brow, nose, and facial outline, from pure effect of ocular deviation itself. With conceptualized drawings of eyes, we simulated strabismus deviation and collected the responses of observers.
Methods
The experiments consisted of three sessions: (1) one-eye, (2) two-eye cornea, and (3) two-eyelid deviation simulations. On a monitor, eight different ocular deviations in increments of 6 prism diopters of horizontal or vertical deviations were simulated. Nine ophthalmology residents were asked to choose between esotropia and exotropia for horizontal simulations and hypotropia or hypertropia for vertical simulations. Psychometric function fitting was performed. Detection sensitivity, point of subjective equality, and 95% thresholds were calculated.
Results
Between cornea and lid deviation simulations, there was no difference in 95% thresholds, points of subjective equality, and sensitivity (all p values > 0.10), reflecting that the relative location of cornea and lid was the determinant factor in recognizing ocular deviation. The sensitivities of vertical deviation simulations were higher than that of horizontal in two-eye cornea and lid comparisons (p values < 0.04) but not in one-eye (p value = 0.37).
Conclusions
Our results suggest that the appearance of strabismus depends not on the absolute ocular alignment but rather on the reciprocal relationship of cornea and lid margin. Vertical misalignment was more apparent than horizontal misalignment.
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Family Vision Care Valencia makes it so easy. Staff is knows what they are doing and Dr. Garbus is thorough and kept me well informed during the exam.
I have been coming to Family Vision Center for almost 20 years. Dr. Garbus has been able to help my vision when other doctors could not. Now my kids see him as well. I highly recommend this office!
The Doctor is very good. I felt on this visit he seemed rushed. I had questions to ask him but he was already with another patient. I still do not know if my eyes are the same , worse, or better.
All the staff is friendly, helpful and knowledgeable, and has been for all the years I have been going there.
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